Thermoelectric materials are a class of materials that can convert heat energy into electrical energy and vice versa through the phenomenon known as the Seebeck effect. These materials have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their potential applications in waste heat recovery, power generation, and solid-state cooling systems. The efficiency of a thermoelectric material is determined by its thermoelectric figure of merit, which depends on its electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient. Research in this area focuses on discovering new materials with high figure of merit values, as well as developing novel fabrication techniques to enhance their performance.Overall, the goal of thermoelectric materials research is to develop materials that are cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly for various energy conversion applications.